2000 ASHRAE Winter Meeting
Technical Program
Sunday, February 6, 2000
8:00:00 AM - 10:00:00 AM Technical Session 1

ASHRAE Research Update 1: Insulation, Comfort, Climate
APC Liaison: Chad B. Dorgan, P.E., Dorgan Associates, Inc.

Development of the Design Climatic Data for the 1997 ASHRAE Handbook-Fundamentals (RP-890) (4318)
2/6/00 8:00:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 4.2 Weather Information; 03.5 Desiccant and Sorption Technology
Donald G. Colliver, Ph.D., P.E., Fellow, Richard S. Gates, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Thomas Burks, Ph.D., and Hanzhong Zhang, Ph.D., University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY

This paper describes the process used to revise the design weather data tables in the ASRHAE Handbook - Fundamentals. Design conditions were determined for 509 US, 134 Canadian, 339 European, 293 Asian and 169 other worldwide locations. Thirty-three years of hourly weather data were used for approximately one-half of the U.S. and all of the Canadian locations. Twelve years of data were used for the other locations. The data went through quality checking and short-term linear interpolation filling processes. A comparison with the previous design values indicated that the new design conditions are slightly less extreme than the values previously published.

Environmental Design Using Dynamic Insulation (4319)
2/6/00 8:00:00 AM
Bruce J. Taylor, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK; and Mohammed S. Imbabi, Ph.D., University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK

Dynamic insulation, a form of air permeable construction where bulk air flows "through" the building envelope, may be used to either enhance or restrict the conductive heat and mass diffusion fluxes. Small changes in temperature, wind speed and direction influence the behavior of a dynamically insulated envelope since the internal and external environments are much more intimately coupled. This paper describes rigorous environmental design principles, forming the basis of guidelines on how to take into account the external environment when designing durable and comfortable buildings employing dynamic insulation.

Implementation of Comfort-Based Air-Handling Unit Control Algorithms (4320)
2/6/00 8:00:00 AM
W.L. Tse and Albert T. P. So, Ph.D., Ceng, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong

Recent research works have demonstrated that comfort-based control on HVAC systems has superior performance over the conventional set-point control in terms of human comfort and energy utilization. The idea of using predicted mean vote (PMV) based on P.O. Fanger's equation as the reference to develop a control strategy for a residence was proposed in 1991. With the full support of comfort based control philosophy, we have implemented the control concept in detail on an air-handling unit model. In this paper, the PMV value has been integrated as the major control parameter in the control algorithms, considering the indoor ambient temperature, relative humidity, localized air movement and mean radiant temperature, metabolic rate and clothing of occupants.

Indices of Thermal Comfort Developed from Field Survey in Florianopolis, S.C., Brazil (4321)
2/6/00 8:00:00 AM
Antonio Augusto de Paula Xavier, and Roberto Lamberts, Ph.D., Member, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil

This paper presents indices developed from field studies. The studies were made at a school in Florianopolis, Brazil, and comprise more than 1200 data points. The environmental variables were measured, the metabolic rate and the thermal insulation of the clothing were estimated from existing tables. Thermal sensation votes were collected for all the students by means of specific questionnaires. The main conclusions are: There exists a good agreement between the sensations related by the subjects and those obtained from predictions determined by regression analysis. The studies provide us with a different understanding of dissatisfaction with a thermal environment.

Space Suit Thermal Dynamics (4322)
2/6/00 8:00:00 AM
Anthony B. Campbell, Ph.D., Satish S. Nair, Ph.D., P.E., Member, and John B. Miles, Ph.D., P.E., University of Missouri, Columbia, MO; John V. Iovine, Lockheed Martin Space Missions Sys. & Sciences Co, Houston, TX; Chin H. Lin, Ph.D., NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX

This study considers the thermal dynamics of a NASA space suit as they relate to astronaut thermal comfort control. A detailed dynamic lumped capacitance thermal model of the present space suit is used to analyze the thermal dynamics of the suit with observations verified using experimental and flight data. Prior to using the model to define performance characteristics and limitations for the space suit, the model is first evaluated and improved. The observations from this study are being utilized in two future design efforts, automatic thermal comfort control design for the present space suit, and design of future space suit systems for Space Station, Lunar, and Martian missions.

Symposium DA-00-01
Ground Source Heat Pump Design and Maintenance Issues
2/6/00 8:00:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 6.8 Geothermal Energy Utilization
APC Liaison: Ira G. Poston, Duke Power Co.
Chair: Christopher S. Sharpe, P.E., Member, Duke Energy Co., Charlotte, NC
As ground source heat pump installations have grown in acceptance, data and research are now available on maintenance and design. This symposium presents two papers focused on the costs of maintenance and service, and a third paper evaluates a design flaw related to pipe collapse caused by freezing that can be avoided with proper backfilling.

1. Update on Maintenance and Service Costs of Commercial Building Ground-Source Heat Pump Systems
Douglas Cane, P.E., Member, and Jeremy M. Garnet, Caneta Research Inc., Mississauga, Ontario, Canada

2. Comparing Maintenance Costs of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems in Lincoln Public Schools: Preventative Maintenance Actions and Total Maintenance Costs
Michaela A. Martin, P.E., Member, Melissa G. Madgett, Associate Member, and Patrick J. Hughes, P.E., Member, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN

3. The Importance of Grouting to Enhance the Performance of Earth Energy Systems
Frank J. Lenarduzzi, Member, and Chris B.H. Cragg, P.E., Ontario Power Technologies, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Haran S. Radhakrishna, Ph.D., P.E., B.K. Engineering Services, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada

Symposium DA-00-02
Miniaturized Heat Exchangers for Application in the HVAC&R Industry
2/6/00 8:00:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 1.03 Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow
APC Liaison: Robert J. Linder, Owens Services Corp.
Chair: Michele Friedrich, P.E., Associate Member, Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories, Richland, WA
Miniaturized heat exchangers have been developed for the electronics and medical industry and are now being introduced into HVAC&R applications. This session presents some of the research, design and testing of refrigerants in micron-sized channels and in the design of a miniaturized absorption system.

1. Flow Boiling of CO2 in Microchannels
Yuan Zhao, Student Member, Majid Molki, Ph.D., Member, Michael Ohadi, Ph.D., P.E., Member, and Serguei V. Dessiatoun, University of Maryland, College Park, MD

2. Evaporation Heat Transfer in Mesoscale Heat Exchangers
Sunil S. Mehendale, Ph.D., Member, and Anthony M. Jacobi, Ph.D., Member, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL

3. Microchannel Components for Absorption Space-Conditioning Components
Srinivas Garimella, Ph.D., Member, Iowa State University, Ames, IA

Symposium DA-00-03
Numerical Simulation and Modeling of Hybrid Heating and Cooling Systems
2/6/00 8:00:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 6.4 In-Space Convection Heating
APC Liaison: Charles G. Arnold, P.E., HDR Architecture, Inc.
Chair: Birol I. Kilkis, Ph.D., Member, Heatway, Springfield, MO
An active hybrid HVAC system is an optimum combination of connective and radiant systems to meet diverse demands of buildings having specific functions such as museums, libraries, and offices. Active hybrid systems help satisfy the diverseindoor requirements of today's complex building with diverse and specific functions. This symposium assesses the existing knowledge base of active hybrid systems, solicits for numerical and analytical algorithms for their design and installation, and shares design and operation experience from existing applications.

1. A Coupled Airflow-and-Energy Simulation Program for Indoor Thermal Environment Studies (RP-927)
Jelena Srebric, Student Member, Qingyan Chen, Ph.D., Member, and Leon R. Glicksman, Ph.D., Member, Massachussetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA

2. Calculation of the Mean Radiant Temperature Directly Using Radiant Intensities
Jeanne M. Palmer, Associate Member, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, and Kirby S. Chapman, Ph.D., Member, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS

3. Simplified Method of Estimating Efficiency of Radiant and Convective Heatings Based on Building Thermal Parameters
H. Hanibuchi, Ph.D., Member, Technology Institute, Sekisui House, Ltd., Kizu, Kyoto, Japan; and Shuichi Hokoi, Ph.D., Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan

4. Church Heating: Numerical Modelling and Comparison Between Radiant and Forced Convection Systems
Savvas A. Tassou, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Weizhong Xiang, and Maria Kolokotroni, Ph.D., Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UK

5. Impact of Heating Systems and Wall Surface Temperatures on Room Operative Temperature Fields
Kirby S. Chapman, Ph.D., Member, and Jamie Rutler, Student Member, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS; and Richard Watson, Member, SSHC, Inc., Old Saybrook, CT

Seminar 1
International Developments and Experiences with Supermarket Refrigeration System Designs for Reduced TEWI
2/6/00 8:00:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 10.7 Commercial Food and Beverage Cooling Display and Storage
APC Liaison: Charles E. Henck, P.E., Henry Adams, Inc.
Chair: Van Baxter, P.E., Member, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN
This seminar presents information from the international community on approaches to reduce the total equivalent warming impact (TEWI) of supermarket systems. Presentations address an integrated design approach combining store refrigeration and HVAC services, application of condensing and evaporating temperature control to reduce system energy usage, results of TEWI analysis for supermarket display cases, and trends and energy efficiency developments in display cases and refrigeration systems for supermarkets in Scandinavia.

1. Integrated Supermarket Services Design
Zafer Ure, Member, EPS Limited, Berkshire, UK

2. Analysis of Energy Consumption Savings in a Large French Supermarket by the Use of Floating High Pressure and Evaporating Pressure Monitoring
Denis Clodic, Ph.D., Member, Ecole des Mines de Paris, Paris, France

3. TEWI Analysis of Canadian Supermarket Refrigeration Systems
R.L. Douglas Cane, P.E., Member, Caneta Research, Mississauga, ON, Canada

4. Recent Equipment Trends in Supermarkets in the Nordic Countries
Per Lundqvist, Ph.D., Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden

Seminar 2
Lubricants for Refrigeration: Current State of the Art
2/6/00 8:00:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 3.4 Lubrication
APC Liaison: Michael N. Hart, P.E., Energy Engineering Associates
Chair: Curt Slayton, P.E., Member, Consulting Services, Inc., Louisville, KY
New and improved refrigeration lubricants continue to emerge driven by pressures of lower cost and improved performance. The presentations in this seminar reflect the current state of the art.

1. New Ester Based Refrigeration Lubricants
Nina Kopola, Neste Chemicals, Porvoo, Finland

2. Lubricants for Natural Working Fluids
Joe Nigro, Member, CPI Engineering Services, Midland, MI

3. Highly Optimized Polyol Esters for the Next Generation of Refrigeration Applications
Peter Gibb, Ph.D., Member, Uniqema, Cleveland, England

4. Oil Film Formability and EHD Traction of Polyol Ester in Some Refrigerant Environments
Takashi Sano and Masayoshi Muraki, Ph.D., Nippon Mitsubishi Oil Company, Tokyo, Japan

5. Update on PVE Lubricants
Shoichi Tominaga, Member, Idemitsu, Kosan, Tokyo, Japan

Seminar 3
Thermal Storage, Real-Time Pricing and Electric Deregulation
2/6/00 8:00:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 6.9 Thermal Storage
Chair: Todd B. Jekel, Ph.D., Associate Member, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
Moderator: Emil E. Friberg, P.E., Friberg Associates Inc.
Electric deregulation and price structures have put thermal energy storage (TES) systems in the spotlight. Properly installed and operated TES systems improve facility load factor and create a desirable for electric service providers. Their ability to shift load allows building operators flexibility to "buy" power used for cooling at low-priced times. These factors increase the salability of TES systems in today's market. This seminar discusses some of the regulatory changes emerging in the air-conditioning market in Texas. Also, two case studies that have used real-time pricing are presented.

1. Deregulation in Texas and the Impact on Rate Structures for Thermal Storage
Steve Houle, P.E., TXU Electric and Gas, Dallas, TX

2. Evaluating District Cooling Options for a University Campus Under Real-Time Electric Pricing
James S. Elleson, P.E., Member, University of Wisconsin, HVAC&R Center, Madison, WI

3. Reorganizing a Buildings MBS System to Operate Under Real Time Pricing
Peter Simmonds, Ph.D., Member, Flack+Kurtz Consulting Engineers, LLP, San Francisco, CA

Seminar 4
Update on International Standards
2/6/00 8:00:00 AM
Sponsor: Standards Committee
APC Liaison: Michael F. Beda, P.E., Process Equipment Co.
Chair: Piotr A. Domanski, Ph.D., Member, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD
The seminar presents the ISO standards procedure, ASHRAE's interaction, and the process of adopting an existing ISO standard as an American National Standard. Presentations include updates on ISO and CEN standard work in the areas related to buildings and HVAC. The need for an international standard on refrigeration grade lubricants and the impact of the global warming issue on home appliance standards in Japan is discussed.

1. The ISO Standards Process and Adopting International Standards
Danny Halel, Associate Member, ASHRAE, Atlanta, GA

2. Updates on ISO TC 86, TC 180, and TC 205
George Yamamoto, Life Member, Retired from ETL/Intertek Testing Services, Cortland, NY

3. Update on European Standardization Related to Buildings and HVAC Systems
Bjarne W. Olesen, Ph.D., Member, D F Liedelt "Velta" GmbH, Norderstedt, Germany

4. Energy Conservation: An Important Aspect for Standards - Recent Challenges for Home Appliances in Japan
Koichi Watanabe, Ph.D., Member, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan

5. International Standard for Refrigeration Lubricants: Update
Sonny G. Sundaresan, P.E., Member, Copeland Corp., Sidney, OH

Forum 1
Cabin Air Quality Standard 1: Contaminants and Levels of Concern
2/6/00 8:00:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 9.3 Transportation Air Conditioning
APC Liaison: Sally McInerny, P.E., The University of Alabama
Moderator: Niren Nagda, Ph.D., Member, ENERGEN Consulting, Inc., Germantown, MD
Co-Moderator: William Needelman, Pall Corporation, Point Washington, NY
There is a great debate in standards and technical committees on the list of contaminants and the associated levels of concern that should be included in the proposed ASHRAE cabin air quality standard. This forum serves as a platform to obtain perspectives from a variety of interested stakeholders. This forum provides specific input and serves as an important background to a companion forum "Cabin Air Quality Standard 2 - Airflow Requirements". The moderators will channel the audience comments toward naming contaminants and their levels of concern.

Forum 2
Cabin Air Quality Standard 2: Airflow Requirements
2/6/00 9:00:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 9.3 Transportation Air Conditioning
APC Liaison: Sally A. McInerny, P.E., The University of Alabama
Moderator: William Needelman, Pall Corporation, Point Washington, NY
Co-Moderator: Niren Nagda, Ph.D., Member, Energen Consulting, Inc., Germantown, MD
There is a great debate in standards and technical committees on airflow requirements, specifically CFM per person of bleed or outside air. This forum provides crucial input for the crux of the cabin air quality standard - namely the minimum cabin airflow or ventilation rate. The cabin airflow requirements are a function of various factors such as odor perceptions, levels of contaminants, thermal comfort, and the cabin pressure requirements. This forum focuses on airflow requirements as it specifically relates to the level of potential contaminants.

Symposium DA-00-04
Refrigerant Expansion Devices
2/6/00 10:15:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 8.8 Refrigerant System Controls and Accessories
APC Liaison: Michael B. Pate, Ph.D., P.E., Iowa State University
Chair: Robert R. Bittle, Ph.D., Member, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX
This symposium will report on the latest experimental and theoretical research related to expansion devices found in refrigeration and air-conditioning systems.

1. Diabatic Flow Instabilities in Capillary Tube-Suction Line Heat Exchangers
Yi Liu, Associate Member, Carrier Transicold, Syracuse, NY; Clark W. Bullard, Ph.D., Member, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL

2. Control and Optimisation Issues Associated with Algorithm-Controlled Refrigerant Throttling Devices
Donal P. Finn, Ph.D., P.E., Member and Cormac J. Doyle, Student Member, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland

3. Critical Flow of Refrigerants Through Adiabatic Capillary Tubes: Experimental Study of Zeotropic Mixtures R-407C and R-404A
Samuel F. Yana-Motta, Member, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD; Sergio L. Braga, Member, and Jose A.R. Parise, Ph.D., Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janerio, RJ, Brazil

Symposium DA-00-05
Window Annual Energy Performance and Comfort
2/6/00 10:15:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 4.5 Fenestration
APC Liaison: Branislav Todorovic, Ph.D., University Belgrade
Chair: Marcia Falke, Member, Keystone Certifications, Inc., York, PA
Window glazing selection has a significant impact on annual energy use. This symposium presents state-of-the-art material to aid designers and architects in the selection process. It reviews computer models which predict effects of glazing on human comfort.

1. The Impact of Glazing Selection on Residential Duct Design and Comfort
Wendy Hawthorne, P.E., W. Hawthorne & Associates, Denver, CO; and Susan Reilly, P.E., Enermodal Energineering, Denver, CO

2. A Database of Window Annual Energy Use in Typical North American Residences
Dariush Arasteh, P.E., Member, Yu Joe Huang, Member, Robin D. Mitchell, Robert D. Clear, Ph.D., and Christian Kohler, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA

3. An Assessment of Inter-Laboratory Reproducibility Fenestration Energy Ratings: The Results of the 1998 NFRC Inter-Laboratory Comparison of Round Robin Testing Results
Daniel J. Wise, and Bipin V Shah, Member, National Fenestration Rating Council, Silver Spring, MD

4. Window Performance for Human Thermal Comfort
Peter R. Lyons, Ph.D., Member, and Dariush Arasteh, P.E., Member, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA; Charlie Huizenga, Member, University of California, Berkeley, CA

Seminar 5
Basics of Laboratory Planning and Design
2/6/00 10:15:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 9.10 Laboratory Systems
APC Liaison: Maier Perlman, P.E., Perlman Engineering
Chair: William G. Stump, Member, Delaware Engineering and Design Corp., Newark, DE
Planning and design of laboratories presents many challenges to the HVAC designer. This seminar looks at the basics including typical facility characteristics, support utilities and equipment, cost control, safety and future trends. Specific examples and projects are presented.

1. Research Facility Planning: Recent and Emerging Trends
Jeffrey S. French, Ballinger, Philadelphia, PA

2. Laboratory HVAC : Cost Control Basics
Peter B. Gardner, P.E., Member, Torcon, Westfield, NJ

3. Designing Laboratories for Enhanced Health and Safety
Dale T. Hitchings, P.E., Member, Hitching Associates, PC, Indianapolis, IN

4. Laboratory HVAC/Mechanical Systems: Planning for Success
A. John Rydzewski, Member, E.I. Dupont De Nemours, Wilmington, DE

5. Planning Laboratory Utilities
George J. Sestak, P.E., Member, Astra-Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE

Seminar 6
Case Studies of Modeling Industrial Environments
2/6/00 10:15:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 4.10 Indoor Environmental Modeling; TC 5.8 Industrial Ventilation, TC 9.2 Industrial Air Conditioning
APC Liaison: Daniel J. Dettmers, HVAC&R Center
Chair: Walter Schwarz, Ph.D., Member, Fluent Inc., Lebanon, NH
This seminar presents case studies which use various types of modeling that may include, but not be limited to, computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations, multizone modelling and/or other analytical or lumped parameter modeling of air movement within industrial environments. The cases stem from real-life problems concerned with environmental conditions that may affect personnel, processes, and equipment in broadly-classified industrial settings. The presentations show how the results of the modeling influenced the design and/or operation of the industrial environment and what was gained by doing the modeling.

1. Use of Spreadsheets to Model Heat Loads in a Brewery
Mike Connor, P.E., Member, Talka & Connor/Architects and Engineers, LLC, Alpharetta, GA

2. Effects of Supply Diffusers on Fume Hood Containment
Glenn D. Schuyler, P.E., Member, Rowan Williams Davies & Irwin Inc., Guelph, Ontario, Canada

3. The Sensitivity of Industrial Ventilation CFD Results to Errors in Field Measurements
Duncan A. Phillips, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Stantec Consulting Limited, Mississauga, ON, Canada

4. Diffusion in Two and Three Dimensional Flows
Thamir Al-Alusi, Ph.D., Boeing, Seattle, WA

Seminar 7
Dealing with Deregulation: What Will Happen to Power Quality?
2/6/00 10:15:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 8.11 Electric Motors and Motor Control; TC 1.9 Electrical Systems
APC Liaison: Ira G. Poston, Duke Power Co.
Chair: John W. Tolbert, Member, Bristol Compressors, Bristol, VA
The deregulation of electrical power will shift more responsibility to users and component manufacturers. Even though HVAC equipment manufacturers are sensitive to end user requirements and most designs consider the possible power quality concerns, there are issues that need to be addressed. This program covers "definition", utility perspective, and specific power quality issues/solutions for motors and variable speed drives.

1. Re-Structuring of Electric Industry: Challenges and Opportunities
Dennis E. Buffington, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA

2. Whose Responsibility Is It?
Michael P. Kuk, Member, ComEd, Oakbrook, IL

3. Power Quality Issues with VSDs
Tom Lowery, Member, Rockwell Automation, Cleveland, OH

4. Power Quality Effects on Electric Motor Performance/Operation
Edward J. Swan, Member, Reliance Electric Rockwell Automation Power System, Greenville, SC

Seminar 8
Don't Blow it Off! Breakthroughs in Reducing Refrigerant Emissions
2/6/00 10:15:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 3.8 Refrigerant Containment
APC Liaison: Charles E. Henck, P.E., Henry Adams Inc.
Chair: Warren Beeton, Member, Copeland Refrigeration, Sidney, OH
U.S. EPA regulations and industry efforts to reduce global warming emissions have focused on improved equipment efficiencies, reduced equipment leakage, and better field maintenance practices. Yet the most significant reductions in emissions could be achieved by simply eliminating major leak sources in high emission industry sectors. This seminar reviews new developments in eliminating leaks, examining their potential and ability to market requirements for cost, efficiency, and customer acceptance.

1. Current EPA Efforts to Reduce Emissions from Stationary Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Sources
Julius Banks, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC

2. Hermetic Transportation Systems
Dermott Crombie, Ph.D., Thermo King Corp., Bloomington, MN

3. Secondary Coolant Systems in Supermarkets
Glen Williams, Hill-Phoenix, Conyers, GA

4. Practical Suggestions to Reduce Emissions
Dennis Dorman, Member, The Trane Co., LaCrosse, WI

5. Advancements in Leak Measurement Techniques
Denis F. Clodic, Associate Member, Armines Centre D'Energetique, Paris, France

Seminar 9
Practical Experience Using DDC Systems for HVAC Commissioning and Continuing Evaluation
2/6/00 10:15:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 1.4 Control Theory and Application; TC 1.7 Operation and Maintenance Management, TC 4.11 Smart Building Systems, TC 9.9 Building Commissioning
APC Liaison: Sally McInerny, P.E., The University of Alabama
Chair: Barry B Bridges, P.E., Member, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN
The practical experience of HVAC professional provides a real world understanding of the difficulties, challenges, and benefits which become possible using DDC for more than just control. In ten years DDC fault detection and diagnostics may range from whole campus smart building systems to chip based smart actuators. The acceptance and application of what is possible will depend on the pragmatic value now being understood and developed in detail.

1. Statistically Sound FDD Methodologies
Robert Dodier, Student Member, and Jan Kreider, Ph.D., P.E., Member, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO

2. Smart Building Operation
Paul Ehrlich, P.E., Member, The Trane Co., St. Paul, MN

3. Experience with Portable Data Acquisition and Analysis Tools for Rooftop Package Equipment Service and Maintenance
Todd M. Rossi, Ph.D., Member, Field Diagnostic Services, Inc., Langhorne, PA

4. On-Line Monitoring and Fault Detection of Control System Performance
John E. Seem, Ph.D., Member, Johnson Controls, Inc., Milwaukee, WI

5. EMS Diagnostics for Continuous Commissioning
Jeffrey Rutt, Member, NSA/DOD, Ft. Meade, MD

Forum 3
Help in Writing an ASHRAE Research Work Statement
2/6/00 10:15:00 AM
Sponsor: Research Activities Committee
APC Liaison: Charles G. Arnold, P.E., HDR Architecture Inc.
Moderator: Richard M. Kelso, P.E., Fellow, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
A well-written research work statement is the key to competitive bids and successful projects. Projects must be designed so they can be accomplished by the investigators, with as comprehensive a work plan as possible. TC members and others who are involved in ASHRAE research can benefit from a discussion of the process.

Forum 4
How Can CONTAM96 Be Enhanced For Smoke Management?
2/6/00 10:15:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 5.6 Control of Fire and Smoke
APC Liaison: Sukhdev S. Mathaudhu, P.E., Mathaudhu Engineering Inc.
Moderator: John Klote, P.E., Fellow, D.Sc., John H. Klote, Inc., McLean, VA
The public domain computer program, CONTAM96, has been widely used and accepted for smoke control analysis. For many smoke management applications, fire modeling capabilities are needed. While CONTAM96 does not have such fire capabilities, users have employed various tricks to approximate fire induced flows. What capabilities are needed? How can such capabilities be added to CONTAM96?

Forum 5
Commissioning Documentation: How Should O&M Manuals Be Produced?
2/6/00 11:15:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 9.9 Building Commissioning; TC 1.7 Operation and Maintenance Management
APC Liaison: Charles G. Arnold, P.E., HDR Architecture, Inc.
Moderator: Gerald J. Kettler, P.E., Member, AIR Engineering and Testing, Inc., Dallas, TX
One of the important products of commissioning is the documentation on the facility from design through operations. ASHRAE Guideline 1 in Chapter 12 lists some of the information that should be included but does not detail formats, arrangements, or storage methods. As ASHRAE progresses to the next levels of commissioning, a discussion is needed with providers and users to facilitate and standardize the assembly, presentation, storage, and use of the operations and maintenance data.

Forum 6
Museums and Libraries in Historical Buildings: Can We Sustain Them with Conventional HVAC Systems?
2/6/00 11:15:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 6.4 In-Space Convection Heating
APC Liaison: Sukhdev Mathaudhu, P.E., Mathaudhu Engineering Inc.
Moderator: Cyrus Nasseri, P.E., Member, Department of Energy, Washington, DC
The provision of controlled indoor environment conditions in historical buildings such as libraries and museums has two generally conflicting objectives, like the preservation of building fabric and artifacts versus maintaining human comfort. Attempts to improve indoor conditions have been more damaging than external conditions. This forum focuses on the impacts of HVAC systems and assesses whether conventional HVAC systems are appropriate. Alternative and novel HVAC systems dedicated for this purpose are solicited also.

Symposium DA-00-06
Smoke Management Design for Atria
2/6/00 1:00:00 PM
Sponsor: TC 5.6 Control of Fire and Smoke
APC Liaison: Maier Perlman, P.E., Perlman Engineering
Chair: James S. Buckley, P.E., Member, CCRD Partners, Houston, TX
Almost all buildings include some form of atria or enclosed large spaces. Most are open to occupied space and/or the building exits through this space requiring management of a possible smoke hazard. The symposium covers the early developments in smoke management in large enclosed spaces. It also addresses the movement of smoke in sprinklered fires as well as new developments in atria smoke management.

1. Smoke Movement for Sprinklered Fires
Gary Lougheed, Ph.D., Member, Cameron McCartney, and Bruce C. Taber, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada

2. New Developments in Atrium Smoke Management
John Klote, P.E., Fellow, John H. Klote, Inc., McLean, VA

3. Evaluating the Early Development of Smoke Hazard from Fires in Large Spaces
James A. Milke, Ph.D., P.E., University of Maryland, College Park, MD

4. Evaluating Smoke Management in a Large Volume Space
David M. Elovitz, P.E., Fellow/Life, Energy Economics, Inc., Natick, MA

Seminar 10
Current Aspects of Local Generation Technology
2/6/00 1:00:00 PM
Sponsor: TC 1.9 Electrical Systems; TC 9.5 Cogeneration Systems
APC Liaison: Emil E. Friberg, P.E., Friberg Associate Inc.
Chair: Jan F. Kreider, P.E., Member, Kreider & Associates, LLC, Boulder, CO
Distributed electrical generation (DG) is a certainty in the 21st century because of fundamental changes in the U.S. utility industry. This seminar examines DG as it affects the commercial building sector with an emphasis on DG overview, control of DG systems, system issues with DG systems in U.S. utilities and operating experience with DG systems. HVAC analysis and designers need to understand DG systems and how they affect building energy costs and services.

1. Distributed Generation Technologies
Jan F. Kreider, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Kreider & Associates, LLC, Boulder, CO

2. Control of Distributed Electrical Generation Systems
Peter S. Curtiss, Ph.D., Kreider and Associates, LLC, Boulder, CO

3. Systems Aspects of Distributed Generation
Gideon Shavit, Ph.D., P.E., Fellow, Central Empowerment, Highland Park, IL

Seminar 11
First Time at an ASHRAE Meeting?
2/6/00 1:00:00 PM
Sponsor: ASHRAE Program Committee
APC Liaison: Charles G. Arnold, P.E., HDR Architecture Inc.
Chair: Sally McInerny, P.E., Member, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL
This seminar introduces new meeting attendees to the events of a Society meeting: how to get involved in a technical committee, what is the difference between a symposium and seminar, and how to become part of the meeting program. The role of ASHRAE staff in a meeting and the events that surround the meeting are explained. And if you're not having fun yet, the technical tours, student involvement, guest and "special" events (how to have fun at ASHRAE) are discussed.

1. Membership - Benefits to You, Benefits to Your Company
Janet Lynch, Johnson Controls, Inc., Milwaukee, WI

2. Standing Committees - What They Do, How Members are Appointed
Sally Hooks, Member, Ascendix Group, N. Bethesda, MD

3. Technical Committees, Technical Programs, Committee Meetings, and the Role of ASHRAE Staff at a Society Meeting
Michael F. Beda, P.E., Member, Process Equipment Co., Tulsa, OK

4. The Fun Side of ASHRAE Meetings
Sally McInerny, P.E., Member, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL

Seminar 12
Immiscible Lubricants for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
2/6/00 1:00:00 PM
Sponsor: TC 3.4 Lubrication
APC Liaison: Branislav B. Todorovic, Ph.D., University Belgrade
Chair: Joel Kerstein, Associate Member, Shrieve Chemical, The Woodlands, TX
Miscibility of lubricant and refrigerant has long been considered a requirement for most systems. Mineral oils and alkylbenzene oils, in part due to their miscibility with CFC and HCFC refrigerants, have been the most frequently used oils with CFCs and HCFCs. However, these same lubricants are not miscible with HFC refrigerants and thus are currently not recommended for these refrigerants. This seminar re-examines the importance of miscibility between lubricant and refrigerant,and describes the application of immiscible lubricants such as mineral oil and alkylbenzene oil with HFC refrigerants.

1. Development of Rotary Compressor Series Using Immiscible Oil for R410A and R407C
Taro Kato, Mitsubishi Electric Shizuoke Works, Shizuoke City, Japan

2. Thermophysical Properties of HFC/Alkylbenzene Mixtures
Katsuya Takigana, Nippon Mitsubishi Oil Corp., Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan

3. Use of R-407C with Alkylbenzene in a Close Coupled System
Sivakumar Gopalnarayanan, Ph.D., Member, Elf Atochem N.A. Inc., King of Prussia, PA

4. Characteristics for Air Conditioning by Mixing HFC 32 with Immiscible Lubricant and Hydrocarbons
Fumitoshi Nishiwaki, Ph.D., Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan

Seminar 13
Modulation: Two Step vs. Variable Speed
2/6/00 1:00:00 PM
Sponsor: TC 8.11 Electric Motors and Motor Control; TC 8.1 Positive Displacement Compressors
APC Liaison: Sukhdev S. Mathaudhu, P.E., Mathaudhu Engineering Inc.
Chair: John W. Tolbert, Member, Bristol Compressors, Bristol, VA
Most designers agree that "full range" variable speed is the ultimate when their products are required to satisfy continually changing loads. They also agree that, in most cases, fully variable capability is not needed to realize most of the inherent gain. This seminar focuses on the attributes of using 2-stage components to provide multi-output end products that can provide the benefits of variable speed without the cost and complexity that has impeded the widespread use of modulation.

1. Capacity Modulation, Variable Speed Versus Two Speed
Robert Helt, Member, The Trane Co., Tyler, TX

2. Evolution of 2-Step Reciprocating Compressors
Scott Hix, P.E., Bristol Compressors, Bristol, VA

3. 2- Step Scroll Compressors
Warren Beeton, Member, Copeland Corp., Sidney, OH

4. A Comparison of Blower Motor Performance, Capability, and Market Acceptance
Louis Sulfstede, Member, Sulfstede Consulting, Irving, TX

5. 2-Step Air Movers
Andrew S. Kadah, International Controls and Measurements, Syracuse, NY

Seminar 14
Operating Characteristics of Water Source Heat Pumps
2/6/00 1:00:00 PM
Sponsor: TC 9.4 Applied Heat Pump/Heat Recovery Systems
APC Liaison: Michael N. Hart, P.E., Energy Engineering Associates
Chair: Ronald W. Brown, P.E., Member, Master Group Consultants, Ft. Wayne, IN
Water source heat pumps have long been known for their competitive installation cost. This seminar identifies further benefitsin the areas of system flexibility, energy conservation and operating costs.

1. Comparative Analysis of WSHP with Tower and Boiler Versus Geothermal
John Castelvecchi, P.E., Member, Evantage, Division of Virginia Power, Glen Allen, VA

2. Conversion of High Rise Office Building to Loft Apartments
Samuel G. Toub, P.E., Member, S. Toub & Associates, Dallas, TX

3. Field Test Results from Floating Loop Temperature Controls in Water Loop Heat Pump Systems
Hugh J. Henderson, Jr., P.E., Member, CDH Energy Corporation, Cazenovia, NY and Mukesh K. Khattar, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA

4. Integrating Storage with Closed Loop Water Source Heat Pump Systems
J.B. Singh, P.E., Member, J&P Engineers, P.A., Kendall Park, NJ and Gustav Foster, P.E., Member, Conectiv Solutions, Vineland, NJ

Seminar 15
Solar Energy Applications and Case Studies
2/6/00 1:00:00 PM
Sponsor: TC 6.7 Solar Engergy Utilization
APC Liaison: Michael B. Pate, Ph.D., P.E., Iowa State University
Chair: Paul Zeigler, P.E., Member, NCSBCS, Herndon, VA
This seminar presents advanced solar applications and case studies for a variety of products that have met with varying degrees of success.

1. Battery Free Solar Refrigerator
David Bergeron, Member, SOLUS, League City, TX

2. Solar Water Purification Through Distillation
Greg Vogel, SolAqua, Inc., El Paso, TX

3. Photovoltaic Ice Making: Case Study of Chihuahua, Charreras, Mexico
Robert Foster, Member, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM

4. Integrating Daylighting Applications Into Building Systems
Mac Holder, L.M. Holder III FAIA, Architectural Planning Energy, Austin, TX

5. Solar cooling with New Liquid Dessicant Absorbers
Wolfgang Kessling, Ph.D., ZAE Bayern, Barvarian Centre of Applied energy Research, Munich, Germany

Forum 7
What Do You Want from ASHRAE Journal?
2/6/00 1:00:00 PM
Sponsor: Journal/Insights Committee
APC Liaison: Robert J. Linder, Owens Services Corp.
Moderator: Carl N. Lawson, Member, E.M.R., Inc., Arlington, VA
ASHRAE Journal, the leading magazine in the HVAC&R industry, is overseen by the Journal and Insights Committee, which has a responsibility to keep our membership abreast of the HVAC&R industry. The committee wants the magazine to continue being the leader, and the membership to have voice in the magazine. With this forum, the membership has the opportunity to say what they want to see in the magazine and likes or dislikes.

Forum 8
What's Dirt Got to Do with It?
2/6/00 1:00:00 PM
Sponsor: TC 2.4 Particulate Air Contaminants and Particulate
APC Liaison: Daniel J. Dettmers, HVAC&R Center
Moderator: Robert Burkhead, Member, Freudenberg Nonwovens, Hopkinsville, KY
Research is currently being organized under the auspices of TC 2.4 for the development of dust for use in future filter test methods. This forum solicits input from the ASHRAE community on just what the dust should be. A planned deliverable to the TC after the forum would be a "consideration list" that would provide the committee insight as to the industry needs in this area.

Forum 9
Transient Models of HVAC&R Systems: Who Needs Them? What Do You Need?
2/6/00 2:00:00 PM
Sponsor: TC 4.6 Building Operation Dynamics
APC Liaison: Robert J. Linder, Owens Services Corp.
Moderator: Michael J. Brandemuehl, Ph.D., P.E., Member, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO
Computer simulation models of HVAC equipment have been widely used for design and energy calculations. In general, these steady state models are inadequate for calculating transient performance. However, transient models could be valuable tools in the development of improved control strategies, diagnosis of HVAC system faults, and evaluating system response to changes in operation. This forum seeks to identify the needs for transient models.

Forum 10
What Does the Market Require for New Filter Test Methods?
2/6/00 2:00:00 PM
Sponsor: TC 2.4 Particulate Air Contaminants and Particulate
APC Liaison: Daniel J. Dettmers, HVAC&R Center
Moderator: Alan Veeck, Member, CAFS, Tidewater Air Filter Co. subsidiary of Flanders/PrecisionAir Corp., Virginia Beach, VA
The forum provides input from the user communities regarding the type of information needed to accurately compare filter to filter, and filter to application. This information can be used to modify existing standards for continuous maintenance purposes.

ASHRAE Research Update 2: Absorption and Desiccant Technologies
APC Liaison: Emil E. Friberg, P.E., Friberg Associates Inc.

Comparison of Binary Mixture Heat and Mass Transfer Analysis with Single-Component Heat and Mass Transfer Analysis in the Design of Gas Absorber/Desorber (4323)
2/7/00 8:00:00 AM
Jiming Cao, Ph.D., Student Member, and Richard N Christensen, Ph.D., Member, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH

The GAX cycle is an elegant way of achieving higher effect performance with single-stage configuration. One of the key components of the GAX cycle is the absorber/desorber heat exchanger which carries out internal heat recovery. This paper investigated two different models for the design of an absorber/desorber in the GAX system. This paper provides a basic guideline for designing a properly sized GAX absorber-desorber.

Optimal Design of Liquid Desiccant Cooling Systems (4324)
2/7/00 8:00:00 AM
Sanjeev Jain, Ph.D., P.L.Dhar, and Subhash Chandra Kaushik, Ph.D., Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India

Liquid desiccant cooling systems are considered an alternative to conventional vapor compression refrigeration systems. A design optimization of these systems has been carried out which minimizes the life cycle costs under the given constraints. The optimization is a mixed integer non-linear programming problem which has been solved by Modified Box's complex method. System simulation required for programming has been carried out using Warner's technique. It has been found that if waste heat is available, liquid systems could be a viable alternative to conventional cooling systems.

Parametric Analysis of Variables that Affect the Performance of a Desiccant Dehumidification System (4325)
2/7/00 8:00:00 AM
Edward A. Vineyard, P.E., Member and James R. Sand, Ph.D., Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, TN; David J. Durfee, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN

Desiccant dehumidification systems, which are used to reduce the moisture (latent load) of the conditioned air in buildings, are typically specified on the basis of grain depression (pounds of water removed per hour) for a given volumetric flow rate of air at a specified dry bulb and humidity ratio. This study investigates the impact of varying some of the operating parameters on the performance of a desiccant dehumidification system and to report the results using quantitative measures, such as latent capacity and latent coefficient of performance, that better describe the efficiency of the moisture removal process.

Performance Characteristics of a Commercially Available Gas-Fired Desiccant System (4326)
2/7/00 8:00:00 AM
Ali A. Jalalzadeh-Azar, Ph.D., P.E., Member, W. Glenn Steele, Ph.D., P.E., Member, and B.K. Hodge, Ph.D., P.E., Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS

Performance characteristics of a commercially available desiccant dehumidification system are experimentally determined. The system utilizes a rotary desiccant wheel which is regenerated by a gas-fired hot water heating system. The constituents of the study are to evaluate the issues critical to accurate data acquisition, and to examine the sensitivities of system performance parameters to perturbations in certain design set points.

Second Law Analysis of Multi-Stage Lithium Bromide/Water Absorption Heat Transformers (4327)
2/7/00 8:00:00 AM
Shun-Fu Lee, Student Member, and S. A. Sherif, Ph.D., Member, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL

Heat transformers have good potential for recovering waste heat and upgrading it to higher temperatures for industrial processes. Thermodynamic second law analysis in conjunction with first law analysis gives a premium to the consideration of the quality of energy over the quantity involved in a thermal system, and can lead the way to improve the system's performance. In this study, performance comparisons of single-, double-, and triple-stage absorption heat transformers using a lithium bromide/water solution as the working fluid were conducted and analyzed on the basis of the first and second laws ofthermodynamics.

Symposium DA-00-07
Current Aspects of Distributed Generation Technology
2/7/00 8:00:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 9.5 Cogeneration Systems; TC 1.9 Electrical Systems
APC Liaison: Robert J. Linder, Owens Services Corp.
Chair: James Watts, Member, Ingersol-Rand/NREC, Reading, MA
Distributed generation (DG) is expected to play a significant future role in energy industry markets. The use of small power sources distributed throughout a utility service area is a rational response to: electric restructuring; the convergence of the power and gas businesses; increasing environmental compliance costs; the erosion of the economic viability of nuclear capacity; and advances in enabling technology. This symposium introduces the technologies that generally are included when discussing DG and explores its implementation.

1. Distributed Electrical Generation Technologies and Methods for their Economic Assessment
Jan F. Kreider, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Kreider and Associates, LLC, Boulder, CO; Peter S. Curtiss, Ph.D., Peter Curtiss Consulting, Boulder, CO

2. Control Requirements for CoGen and MicroGen Plants in a Deregulated Electricity Production and Distribution Industry
Gideon Shavit, Ph.D., P.E., Fellow, Control emPOWERment, Highland Park, IL

3. Control of Distributed Electrical Generation Systems
Peter Curtis, Ph.D., Kreider and Associates, LLC, Boulder, CO

4. Microturbine Cogeneration
Robert J. Brandon, P.E., and Chris W. Snoek, Ph.D., CANMET Energy Technology Centre, Nepean, ON, Canada

Symposium DA-00-08
Radiant Heating and Cooling
2/7/00 8:00:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 6.5 Radiant Space Heating and Cooling
APC Liaison: Daniel J. Dettmers, HVAC&R Center
Chair: Jaap Hogeling, Member, ISSO, Rotterdam, BV, The Netherlands
Radiant heating is widely used in the U.S. and Europe, where an increasing number of buildings now use radiant cooling systems. This symposium presents new knowledge on how to design radiant heating and cooling systems and presents examples of the use of radiant cooling systems in large buildings.

1. Design of Panel Heating and Cooling Systems
Jeurgen Bohle, and Herbert Klan, Member, Darmstadt University of Technology, Darmstadt, Germany

2. Heat Exchange Coefficient Between Floor Surface and Space by Floor Cooling: Theory or a Question of Definition
Bjarne W. Olesen, Ph.D., Member, D. F. Liedelt "Velta", Norderstedt, Germany; Eric Michel, Member, and Frederic Bonnefoi, P.E., COSTIC, Digne, France; Michele De Carli, Universita di Padova, Padova Pd, Italy

3. Using Radiant Cooled Floors to Condition Large Spaces and Maintain Comfort Conditions
Peter Simmonds, Ph.D., Member, Flack & Kurtz Asta Ltd., Wanchai, Hong Kong; Wayne Gaw, Associate Member, Flack + Kurtz Consulting Engineers, San Francisco, CA; Stefan Holst, Transsolar, Stuttgart, Germany; and Stephanie Reuss, Transolar GmbH, Stuttgart, Germany

4. Computer Simulation of the Performance of a Hydronic Heating and Cooling System With Pipes Embedded into the Concrete Slab Between Each Floor
Gerd Hauser, Ph.D., University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany; Christoph Kempkes, Hauser Consultants, Bauntal, Germany; Bjarne W. Olesen, Ph.D., Member, D. F. Liedelt "VELTA", Norderstedt, Germany

Seminar 16
ARI 550/590-98 Update, Application, and Use
2/7/00 8:00:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 8.2 Centrifugal Machines
APC Liaison: Janet M. Lynch, Johnson Controls Inc.
Chair: Frederick W. Betz, P.E., Member, ZBA, Inc., Cincinnati, OH
The newly published ARI Standard 550/590-98 combines two previously separate standards into a single standard for water chilling packages using the vapor compression cycle. It applies to centrifugal, rotary screw, scroll and reciprocating type packaged chillers. It provides a standard for rating, testing, and publishing performance data for these chillers. It includes the basis for calculating the Integrated Part Load Value (IPLV) for packaged chillers. This seminar provides a discussion of the changes, the certification process for chillers, and the application for the standard.

1. ARI Standard 550/590-98 - What is Different?
Thomas E. Watson, P.E., Member, McQuay International, Staunton, VA

2. The Certification Process for New Chillers
Henry Hwong, Associate Member, Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute, Arlington, VA

3. Application and Use of Standard 550/590-98
Dennis Dorman, Member, The Trane Co., LaCrosse, WI

Seminar 17
Commercial Kitchen Ventilation: Issues and Insights
2/7/00 8:00:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 5.10 Kitchen Ventilation
APC Liaison: Sally A. Hooks, Ascendix Group
Chair: Vernon A. Smith, P.E., Associate Member, Architectural Energy Corporation, Boulder, CO
This seminar provides an update on research and experience with (1) when must a Type I exhaust hood (for grease and smoke) be used, (2) use of short-cycle (short circuit) hoods (3) factors affecting performance of backshelf hoods, (4) optimizing design of close-coupled appliance/hood combinations, and (5) displacement ventilation strategies for food service facilities.

1. Commercial Cooking! When Is an Exhaust Hood Not Required?
Donald Fisher, Associate Member, Fisher-Nichel, Inc., San Ramon, CA

2. Hoods: Short Cycle or Short Sighted
Jim Otenbaker, Member, Randell Manufacturing, Weidman, MI

3. Assessment of Backshelf Hood Performance
Richard Swierczyna, Member, Architectural Energy Corp., Wood Dale, IL

4. Optimizing an Appliance/Hood System QSR
Mark H. Finck, P.E., Burger King Corp., Miami, FL

5. Displacement Ventilation Applications for Commercial Kitchens
Derek Schrock, Associate Member, Halton Co., Scottsville, KY

Seminar 18
Designing and Commissioning the Modern Hospital: Part 1
2/7/00 8:00:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 9.8 Large Building Air-Conditioning Applications; TC 9.9 Building Commissioning
APC Liaison: Sally McInerny, P.E., The University of Alabama
Chair: Joseph F. Scolaro, P.E., Life Member, Scolaro Engineering Consultants, Dallas, TX
With new rules and regulations being adopted and imposed on the hospitals by the federal government, insurance companies and state and local governments, it has become a difficult task to operate, maintain, and design hospitals. The financial strain placed on the hospital creates an additional concern for what was contracted for from design to occupancy. This seminar allows designers and owners to address achieving a successful project on time and within budget. Part 2 is scheduled Sunday at 10:15 a.m.

1. User Groups Design Request
David Prusha, HKS, Inc., Dallas, TX

2. Bringing a Modern Hospital On-Line: The Challenges and Lessons Learned
Charles D. Kieffer, P.E., Member, University of Texas Facilities Planning, Austin, TX

3. Surgical Suite Pressurization and Air Flow
Milton S. Goldman, M.D., EIT, Member, Abrahamson Engineering, Laramie, WY

4. Patient Room HVAC Systems
Anand Seth, Member, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA

5. Investment in Technology
Frederick Gibson, Taylor and Partners, Boston, MA

Seminar 19
Residential and Commercial Waste Heat Recovery Technologies for Service Water Heating
2/7/00 8:00:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 6.6 Service Water Heating
APC Liaison: Michael B. Pate, Ph.D., P.E., Iowa State University
Chair: Fredric Goldner, Member, Energy Management and Research Associates, Brooklyn, NY
An emphasis on heat recovery for service water heating has resulted in a number of technological advancements. This seminar includes presentations on two studies on heat pump water heating technologies, heat recovery from micro-gas turbine generators, and an internal combustion engine cogeneration application. In each case the applications have focused on the ability to effectively supply hot water heating loads with waste heat.

1. Test of an R-407C Heat Pump Water Heater
Vince Mei, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN

2. Development of a "Drop-in" Residential Heat Pump Water Heater
John J. Tomlinson, Member, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN

3. Micro-Cogeneration Analysis and Design for Service Hot Water Loads
Sam V. Shelton, Ph.D., Member, and Sophia Acle Jones, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA

4. Waste Heat Recovery for Service Water Heating in a Small Cogeneration Facility
Richard E. Peters, P.E., Member, Wieland Lindgren Engineers, Seattle, WA

Seminar 20
System Issues Update
2/7/00 8:00:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 3.2 Refrigerant System Chemistry
APC Liaison: Michael N. Hart, P.E., Energy Engineering Associates
Chair: David R. Henderson, P.E., Member, Spauschus Associates, Inc., Stockbridge, GA
The ongoing conversion of the industry to HFC refrigerants and new lubricants generates a stream of new information on systems, materials, and processes. This seminar is a continuation of the series designed to provide wide dissemination of this information.

1. Physical Property Compatibility of Alternative Refrigerants with 3A Molecular Sieve
Todd Deschaine, Member, The PQ Corp., Conshohocken, PA

2. Vapor/Liquid Distribution Ratio for Lower Concentrations of Water in Refrigerant
Alan Cohen, Member, UOP Molsiv Adsorbents, Des Plaines, IL

3. The Negative Influences of Processing Oils Mixed in Systems and Means of Solving
Susumu Hiodoshi, Daikin Industries, Ltd., Osaka, Japan

Forum 11
Does ASHRAE Need a Master Specification for Pumps?
2/7/00 8:00:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 8.10 Pumps and Hyrdonic Piping
APC Liaison: Michael F. Beda, P.E., Process Equipment Co.
Moderator: James P. Schlachter, Member, Systecon, Inc., W. Chester, Ohio
There are many types and styles of pumps available for different applications. Although the applications are described in the ASHRAE Handbook, no specification is available. This forum determines if the consulting community wants ASHRAE to have a specification available for use.

Forum 12
Should ASHRAE Pursue Research to Update the Handbook Chapter on Spiral and Belt-Type Blast Freezing Processes?
2/7/00 9:00:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 10.9 Refrigeration Application for Foods and for Beverages
APC Liaison: Michael F. Beda, P.E., Process Equipment Co.
Moderator: Brian Webb, Member, EnviroThermics, Inc., Winnipeg, MB, Canada
Much research work has been completed by ASHRAE over the past few years on updating data for cooling/freezing times of foods. A natural progression for the design engineers would be further identification of state of the art refrigeration equipment and processes to integrate with this information. This forum identifies if there is a need for ASHRAE to pursue current techniques.

Symposium DA-00-09
Airtightness, Ventilation, Indoor Climate and Energy Performance of Small Commercial Buildings
2/7/00 10:15:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 4.3 Ventilation Requirements and Infiltration
APC Liaison: Daniel J. Dettmers, HVAC&R Center
Chair: Martin Liddament, Ph.D., Air Infiltration & Ventilation Centre, Coventry, UK
This symposium covers the air tightness, ventilation and environmental performance of small commercial buildings such as small offices (e.g. up to six floors), shopping malls, small warehouses and light industrial premises/work-shops. Topics covered include: impact of air tightness measures on comfort, air quality and well-being; ventilation strategies incorporating air tight design; standards relating to air tightness requirements; and demonstration of retrofit and new build examples.

1. Measured Airtightness of an Installed Skylight
C.Y. Shaw, Ph.D., P.E., R.J. Magee, and G. F. Poirie, P.E., National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada

2. Monitoring for Ventilation and Airtightness
David Bearg, P.E., Member, Life Energy Associates, Concord, MA

3. Infiltration, Natural Ventilation and HVAC Performance in the Intelligent Workplace
Ardeshir Mahdavi, Member, and Robert Ries, Ph.D., Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA; Dongwoo Cho, Ph.D., Korea Institute of Construction, KyonggI-Do

Symposium DA-00-10
Properties Update
2/7/00 10:15:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 3.1 Refrigerants and Brines; TC 8.4 Air-to-Refrigerant Heat Transfer Equipment
APC Liaison: Michael B. Pate, Ph.D., P.E., Iowa State University
Chair: Mark McLinden, Ph.D., Member, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO
Recent developments in the field of thermophysical properties of refrigeration working fluids are reported. Two papers present results from the recently completed ASHRAE research project (997-RP) on the properties of R-23. A fundamental approach formodeling the properties of refrigerant and lubricant mixtures is reported, and data are presented for two novel fluorinated ethers and their mixture.

1. A Fundamental Equation for the Calculation of the Thermodynamic Properties of Trifluoromethane (R-23) (RP-997)
Steven G. Penoncello, Ph.D., P.E., Member, and June Z. Shan, Ph.D., University of Idaho, Moscow, ID; and Richard T Jacobsen, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Bechtel B&W Idaho, Idaho Falls, ID

2. A Generalized Model for Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity of Trifluoromethane (R-23) (RP-997)
June Z. Shan, Ph.D., and Steven G. Penoncello, Ph.D., P.E., Member, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID; and Richard T Jacobsen, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Bechtel B&W Idaho, Idaho Falls, ID

3. Vapor-Liquid Equilibria for a R-134a/Lubricant Mixture: Measurements and Equation-of-State Modeling
Marcia L. Huber, Ph.D, Cynthia D. Holcomb, Ph.D., and Stephanie L. Outcalt, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO; J. Richard Elliot, Ph.D., The University of Akron, Akron, OH

4. Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium and Densities of RE-143a (CF3OCH3)/RE-218 (CF3OCF2CF3) Mixtures as R-12 or R-22 Alternatives (4361)
Ismail Kul, Adolph L. Beyerlein, Ph.D., and Darryl D. DesMarteau, Ph.D., Clemson University, Clemson, SC

Seminar 21
ASHRAE Standard 15 and Your Equipment Room
2/7/00 10:15:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 8.2 Centrifugal Machines
APC Liaison: Michael F. Beda, P.E., Process Equipment Co.
Chair: David W. Reid, Life Member, Carrier Corp., Plymouth Meeting, PA
As more existing chillers are replaced, they will require the application of Standard 15. This seminar describes the requirements of the Standard and the penalties for noncompliance.

1. ASHRAE Standard 15: Overview
Michael H. Tavares, Member, Marietta, GA

2. ASHRAE Standard 15: Implications for Mechanical Equipment Rooms
Jim R. Parsnow, Carrier Corp., Syracuse, NY

3. ASHRAE Standard 15: Case Study
John I. Vucci, Member, University of Maryland, College Park, MD

Seminar 22
Deregulation for Dummies
2/7/00 10:15:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 4.11 Smart Building Systems
APC Liaison: Maier Perlman, P.E., Perlman Engineering
Chair: J. Carlos Haiad, Associate Member, Southern California Edison, Irwindale, CA
Electric industry deregulation is occurring at different levels in several states and is in full swing in California and also in a few other countries. This seminar draws from this recent deregulation experience and revisits basic issues of concern to the building owners and consulting engineers. Issues related to meter options, rate options, reliability/quality of services, electricity costs, and delivery of energy services are addressed.

1. Deregulation - How Is it Working?
Kevin Cooney, P.E., Member, E-Source, Boulder, CO

2. Deregulation and the Utility Role in California
Lisa Cagnolatii, Southern California Edison, Irwindale, CA

3. Competition Comes to Metering
Paul Gromer, Peregrine Energy Group, Boston, MA

4. Deregulation from a Customer Perspective
James Boler, P.E., Member, Dayton Hudson Corp., Minneapolis, MN

5. Swim with Sharks: A Customer Perspective of the Electric Industry Deregulation
Randy McAdams, P.E., Member, Safeway, Inc., Pleasanton, CA

Seminar 23
Designing and Commissioning the Modern Hospital: Part 2
2/7/00 10:15:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 9.8 Large Building Air-Conditioning Applications; TC 9.9 Building Commissioning
APC Liaison: Sally A. McInerny, P.E., The University of Alabama
Chair: Joseph F. Scolaro, P.E., Life Member, Scolaro Engineering Consultants, Dallas, TX
With new rules and regulations being adopted and imposed on the hospitals by the federal government, insurance companies and state and local governments, it has become a difficult task to operate, maintain, and design hospitals. The financial strain placed on the hospital creates an additional concern for what was contracted for from design to occupancy. This seminar provide for designers and owners to address achieving a successful project on time and within budget. Part 1 is scheduled Monday at 8:00 a.m.

1. Operation and Maintenance of Hospitals
Kimball Ferguson, Member, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC

2. Hospital Room Pressurization: A Parameter for Airborne Hazard Control
Andrew J. Streifel, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN

3. Trends in Hospital Ventilation
Richard D. Hermans, P.E., Member, Ellerbe Becket, Minneapolis, MN

4. Indoor Air Quality Considerations in Hospitals
Elia Sterling, Member, Theodor D. Sterling and Associates, Ltd., Vancouver, BC, Canada

5. Commissioning the Modern Hospital
Carl Lawson, Member, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC

Seminar 24
Emergency Fan-Damper Operation Procedures in Case of a Tunnel Fire
2/7/00 10:15:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 5.9 Enclosed Vehicular Facilities; TC 5.1 Fans, SPC 149, TC 5.6 Control of Fire and Smoke
APC Liaison: Chad B. Dorgan, P.E., Dorgan Associates Inc.
Chair: Paul C. Miclea, P.E., Member, Kaiser Engineers, Inc., Oakland, CA
This seminar addresses underground transit fires, which pose a significant challenge for system operators and fire fighters in terms of passengers' evacuation and control of fire. The emergency ventilation system of a tunnel must be able to start immediately after a fire is detected and provide reliable evacuation routes, free of smoke, to a safe haven. Emergency fans are required to achieve full operating speed in 30 seconds from a stop position; however, the actual start depends on fire detection, central control response and ultimately, human factors.

1. Introduction and Overview of Damper Operation and Codes Update
Sudhir K. Agrawal, P.E., Member, L.A. County Metro Transportation Authority, Arcadia, CA

2. The Use of Variable Speed Drives to Improve Fan Starting with Open and Closed Dampers
Robert Z. Smith, Member, ABB Garden City Fan, Niles, MI

3. Damper Design for Emergency Tunnel Ventilation
Roger A. Lichtenwald, Member, American Warming and Ventilation, Holland, OH

4. Reliability Engineering Concepts in Today's Mass Transit Systems with Emergency Fan-Damper Applications
J. Greg Sanchez, P.E., Member, Ventilation Consultant, Plainsboro, NJ

5. Emergency System Activation: Simultaneous Versus Staggered Start for Multiple Fan Operation
Dilip Shah, P.E., Member, Kaiser Engineers, Inc., Oakland, CA

Seminar 25
Issues Update
2/7/00 10:15:00 AM
Sponsor: Technical, Energy and Government Activities Committee
APC Liaison: Sally A. Hooks, Ascendix Group
Chair: Joseph Ting, P.Eng., P.E., Member DASNY, Delmar, NY
This seminar addresses IAQ and refrigerants. The U.S. EPA HCFC Allocation System, international and domestic policy on HCFCs and the position and recent activities of the European Union on HFCs and HCFCs is reported. IAQ as it relates to healthcare facilities also is addressed. The installation, maintenance and needs for ventilation control in healthcare facilities is addressed and how to achieve goals in providing the required ventilation for TB rooms is defined.

1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency HCFC Allocation System
Steven H. Bernhardt, Ph.D., Member, DuPont Fluoroproducts, Wilmington, DE

2. European Union HFC and HCFC Actions
Thomas Werkema, Member, Elf Atochem, Philadelphia, PA

3. International and Domestic Policy on HFCs
James G. Crawford, Member, The Trane Company, Tyler, TX

4. Indoor Air Quality and Healthcare Facilities
Jerry J. Tulis, Ph.D., Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC

5. Tuberculosis Isolation Room Ventilation: An IAQ Concern in Healthcare Facilities
George Benda, Member, Chelsea Group Limited, Itasca, IL

Seminar 26
Types and Capabilities of Equipment for Measurement and Verification of Building Energy Savings
2/7/00 10:15:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 9.6 Systems Energy Utilization
APC Liaison: Branislav B. Todorovic, Ph.D., University Belgrade
Chair: Richard P. Mazzucchi, Member, Resource Performance Management, Silverdale, WA
This seminar describes the types and capabilities of presently available equipment to measure and verify energy savings. The information should be of value to building owners, operators, contractors, and consultants involved with building system design, construction and/or operation.

1. Types and Capabilities of Data Logging Equipment
John McBride, New Horizon Technologies, Butte, MT

2. Types and Capabilities of Sensors
Ken Gillespie, Jr., Associate Member, Pacific Gas and Electric, San Francisco, CA

3. Types and Capabilities of Energy Management Control Systems
Hashem Akbari, Ph.D., Associate Member, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA

4. Types and Capabilities of M&V Software
Robert Sonderegger, Ph.D., Member, SRC Systems, Inc., Berkeley, CA

5. Installation and Maintenance Techniques for M&V Equipment
John Bryant, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX

Forum 13
High Temperature Heat Pumps: Where Have the Good Refrigerants Gone?
2/7/00 10:15:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 9.4 Applied Heat Pump/Heat Recovery Systems
APC Liaison: Charles E. Henck, P.E., Henry Adams Inc.
Moderator: Frank J. Pucciano, Member, Energy Advantage Corp., Lilburn, GA
Throughout the late 1970s and 1980s high temperature heat pumps were specified in hospitals, schools, industrial plants and others to provide hot service water. These systems started to fade in the late 1980s as the manufacturers of both refrigerants and chillers turned their attention to retrofitting and replacing CFC based systems. The opportunity to apply these systems is still strong today, but will require new refrigerants. This forum assesses and renews interest by all concerned to revive these effective heat recovery systems.

Forum 14
What Is the Role for Absorption Technology in Combined Cooling, Heating and Power Systems?
2/7/00 11:15:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 8.3 Absorption and Heat Operated Machines
APC Liaison: Charles E. Henck, P.E., Henry Adams Inc.
Moderator: Richard Sweetser, Member, Exergy Partners Corp., Herndon, VA; Uwe Rockenfeller, Member, Rocky Research, Boulder City, NV
The U.S. Department of Energy is interested in combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) systems applied to buildings and their potential to conserve resources and reduce carbon and other air pollutant emissions. CCHP systems produce electric or shaft power and useable thermal energy onsite or near site, converting as much as 80% of the fuel into useable energy. This forum seeks to explore the role absorption technologies will play in CCHP systems and what research, product and application development is necessary and what software and educational tools are required for success.

Symposium DA-00-11
Advances in Thermal and Fluid Flow Characteristics of HVAC and Refrigeration Processes
2/8/00 8:00:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 1.3 Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow; TC 8.4 Air to Refrigerant Heat Transfer Equipment; TC 8.5 Liquid-to-Refrigerant Heat Exchangers
APC Liaison: Michael F. Beda, P.E., Process Equipment Co.
Chair: Michael M. Ohadi, Ph.D., P.E., Member, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
This symposium reports some of the latest research progress in heat and mass transport processes of direct significance to refrigerating and air-conditioning applications. The presentations discuss both basic and design oriented information of interest to ASHRAE members and the technical community in general. Heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of alternative refrigerants/refrigerants mixtures are addressed.

1. Effects of Oil on Boiling of Replacement Refrigerants Flowing Normal to a Tube Bundle, Part 1, R-123 (RP-751)
R.A. Tatara and Parviz Payvar, Ph.D., Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL

2. Effects of Oil on Boiling of Replacement Refrigerants Flowing Normal To a Tube Bundle: Part 2, R-134a (RP-751)
R.A. Tatara, Ph.D., and Parviz Payvar, Ph.D., Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL

3. Two-Phase Frictional Characteristics of R-410a and Air-Water in a 5-mm Smooth Tube
Yu-Juei Chang, Energy and Resources Laboratories, Chutung, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Shi-Kuo Chiang and Tsair-Wang Chung, Chung Yuan University, ChungLi, Taiwan; Chi-Chuan Wang, Ph.D., Member, Energy and Resources Laboratories, Chutung, Hsinchu, Taiwan

4. Effect of Heating Boundary Conditions on Pool Boiling Experiments (HVAC&R Research Journal October 1999) (4362)
J. Darabi, Student Member, Michael M. Ohadi, Ph.D., Member, M.A. Fanni, and S. V. Dessiatoun, Ph.D., University of Maryland, College Park, MD; M.A. Kedzierski, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD

5. Pressure Drops in T-Junctions - A Comparison (4363)
Jorgen B. Eriksson, Student Member and Tor-Goran Malmstrom, Ph.D., Member, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden

Seminar 27
Current Maintenance Trends in Government, Healthcare and Academia
2/8/00 8:00:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 1.7 Operation and Maintenance Management
APC Liaison: Robert J. Linder, Owens Services Corp.
Chair: Richard A. Danks, P.E., Member, Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH
This seminar presents a perspective on overall trends in facilities maintenance in a federal government agency, in a health care institution and a university. The need to reduce operating costs, increase return on investment, be innovative, and improve facility performance are driving changes in the delivery of facilities maintenance. This seminar provides a glimpse of what some specific government, health care, and universities are accomplishing in maintaining large, complex infrastructures in a cost-effective manner to meet the current economic challenges.

1. Observations on Facilities Maintenance Practices
Alan K. Pride, Pride Consulting, Inc., Knoxville, TN

2. Pushing the Facilities Envelope at NASA
William W. Brubaker, P.E., NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC

3. Current Maintenance Trends in Health Care
Jack Gosselin, Healthnet of New England, Inc., Putnam, CT

4. Maintenance at an Academic Medical Center
Kirby Vahle, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX

Seminar 28
Environmental Design for Housing of Specialty Animals
2/8/00 8:00:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 2.2 Plant and Animal Environment
APC Liaison: Charles G. Arnold, P.E., HDR Architecture, Inc.
Chair: Dan Frasier, Member, Phoenix Controls Corp., Newton, MA
This seminar informs consulting and facility engineers about the unique requirements associated with today's laboratory animal facilities. New specialty animal species are placing greater demands on the facility. Building designers must be aware of these requirements and be prepared to serve their clients. A laboratory veterinarian, a laboratory animal facility consultant and two engineers address the issue.

1. The Veterinarian's Perspective of Animal Care and Use Facilities
Harry Rozmiarek, Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA

2. Aquatic Laboratory Animal Environments
Rosemary J. Riggs, Case Consulting, Frederick, MD

3. Air Flow Control for Trangenic Rodent Vivariums
Dan Frasier, Member, Phoenix Controls Corp., Newton, MA

4. Practical Experiences with Transgenic Barrier Facilities
John B. Priest, Ph.D., Member, Continental Technologies, Inc., Dubuque, Iowa

Seminar 29
Existing Building Commissioning: Energy Savings Opportunities
2/8/00 8:00:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 9.6 Systems Energy Utilization; TC 9.9 Building Commissioning
APC Liaison: Branislav B. Todorovic, Ph.D., University Belgrade
Chair: Adam W. Hinge, P.E., Member, Sustainable Energy Partnerships, Tarrytown, NY
Different approaches optimize the efficient operation of buildings, including better operation and maintenance practices and commissioning of existing buildings. Recent studies have shown that tune-ups of typical buildings can result in savings of 5% to 15%, with paybacks generally under two years. Most savings come from operational and behavioral changes, as opposed to purchase and installation of new equipment or technology. This seminar presents information on the existing building commissioning process, and the savings opportunities that can result.

1. Applying Commissioning to Existing Buildings
J. Michael MacDonald, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN

2. Case Study of Continuous Commissioning
Mingsheng Liu, Ph.D., P.E., Member, University of Nebraska, Omaha, NE

3. How to Have a Successful Retrocommissioning Project
Karl Stum, P.E., Member, Portland Energy Conservation, Inc., Portland, OR

4. Selecting Optimization Strategies for Different Markets
Steven Nadel, Member, American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy, Washington, DC

5. Motivating Facility Staff Toward Improved Operational Efficiency
Peter Herzog, Member, Herzog/Wheeler & Associates, St. Paul, MN

Seminar 30
Laboratory Heat Recovery Systems
2/8/00 8:00:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 9.10 Laboratory Systems
APC Liaison: Michael N. Hart, P.E., Energy Engineering Associates
Chair: Robert H. Weidner, P.E., Member, Brinjac Kambic & Associates, Harrisburg, PA
Laboratories consume large amounts of energy. Energy reduction techniques must not compromise established safety standards or the required environmental conditions. Therefore, energy reduction techniques should be analyzed for both appropriateness and economic payback. This seminar provides some guidance and examples of laboratory heat recovery systems that meet this challenge.

1. The Basic Economics of Heat Recovery in Laboratories
J. Patrick Carpenter, P.E., Member, Kling Lindquist, Philadelphia, PA

2. Integrating Heat Recovery With Chilled Water Production for a Laboratory in a District Cooling Loop
Mike Carson, Member, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN and Richard E. Peters, P.E., Member, Weiland Lindgren Engineers, Seattle, WA

3. Value Engineering for Chemical Exhaust Heat Recovery Glycol Coils
Victor A. Neuman, P.E., Member, Strobic Air Corp., San Diego, CA

4. A Sensible and Latent Airside Heat Recovery System in a "Green" Laboratory Application
Dennis A. Maloskey, Member, Brinjac Kambic & Associates, Harrisburg, PA

Seminar 31
ASHRAE's Software Toolkits for Energy Calculations
2/8/00 8:00:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 4.7 Energy Calculations
APC Liaison: Charles E. Henck, P.E., Henry Adams Inc.
Chair: Drury B. Crawley, Member, US Department of Energy, Washington, DC
ASHRAE has three collections of software models to make it easy for engineers and software developers to create their own energy calculation software. These "toolkits," sponsored research from TC 4.7 Energy Calculations, include industry-accepted models, algorithms, and software to calculate building loads and HVAC equipment and systems energy impacts. The three toolkits are: Loads, HVAC 1 (primary equipment), and HVAC 2 (secondary equipment). This seminar provides the philosophy behind the development of the toolkits and an overview of each toolkit.

1. Energy Calculation Toolkit Overview
Charles S. Barnaby, Associate Member, Wrightsoft, Lexington, MA

2. Development of a Toolkit for Load Calculations
Curtis O. Pedersen, Ph.D., Fellow, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL

3. The Primary HVAC Toolkit
Jean LeBrun, Ph.D., Member, University of Liege Thermodynamics Laboratory, Liege, Belgium

4. Use of the Secondary Toolkit for Energy Calculations
Michael Brandemuehl, Ph.D., P.E., Member, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO

Seminar 32
Update on SPC 155P for Efficiency Rating of Commercial Boiler Systems
2/8/00 8:00:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 6.1 Hydronic and Steam Equipment and Systems
APC Liaison: Maier Perlman, P.E., Perlman Engineering
Chair: Raymond J. Albrecht, P.E., Member, NYSERDA, Albany, NY
Boilers account for over 40% of space heating energy use in commercial and multifamily buildings. Current ratings of commercial boilers address only full-load operating conditions, and do not provide a meaningful indication of expected energy use. ASHRAE Standard Project Committee 155P is developing a Method of Testing and Rating for Commercial Space Heating Boiler Systems, which will provide procedures for determining the Application Seasonal Efficiency of boiler systems. This seminar provides an overview of the proposed standard, test procedures, calculation procedures and example results.

1. An Overview of Proposed Standard 155P for Rating Commercial Boiler Systems
Martha J. Hewett, Member, Center for Energy and Environment, Minneapolis, MN

2. Test Procedures for Use in Standard 155P
John I. Woodworth, Life Member, Consultant, Cincinnatti, OH

3. Calculation Procedure for the Annual Seasonal Efficiency of Boiler System
Srinivas Katipamula, Ph.D., Member, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA

4. Examples of Application Seasonal Efficiencies Obtained for Various Boiler System Designs Using Draft Standard 155P
Martha Hewett, Member, Center for Energy and Environment, Minneapolis, MN

Seminar 33
Ventilation for Bars, Restaurants and Lounges
2/8/00 8:00:00 AM
Sponsor: TC 2.3 Gaseous Air Contaminants and Gas Contaminant
APC Liaison: Daniel J. Dettmers, HVAC&R Center
Chair: Paul Nelson, Ph.D., Member, R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, Winston-Salem, NC
Within the hospitality industry, there is a growing awareness of the desirability to accommodate both smoking and nonsmoking customers. The need to deal with special situations such as cigar nights and local ordinances has resulted in the need for ventilation design solutions that minimize the impact of secondhand smoke on employees and non-smoking hospitality patrons. This seminar presents a number of proven design solutions that reduce secondhand smoke exposure within bars and restaurants, and in some cases, provide energy saving solutions to ventilation in these venues.